DRAFT

TAP 80 Generate Renewable Electrical Energy, Cool Ocean Surface Temperatures and Help Increase Ocean Alkalinization Primarily Using OTEC and the Earth’s Internal Heat

(Updated November 8, 2022)

80. TAP 80

80.1. Introduction

80.1.1. Ocean surface temperatures are increasing which is:

80.1.1.1. Causing oceans to absorb more CO2 and become more acidic

80.1.1.2. Causing hurricanes and other storms traveling over the oceans to be more destructive

80.1.1.3. Harming coral reefs, other ocean animal life and ocean vegetation including seagrass and kelp

80.1.1.4. Decreasing helpful ocean currents such as the gulf stream.

80.1.2. Systems are being designed utilizing ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), a relatively new technology, which will help correct the above. OTEC is also capable of helping to do many things including producing massive amounts of renewable electricity, provide seawater air conditioning (SWAC), reduce ocean surface temperatures, increase ocean alkalinization and provide distilled water.

80.1.3 Also, the earth’s internal heat can be used to provide heat and steam to generate electricity in most of the world. World heat sources, also called geothermal power (described in Wikipedia) has been in use for years, but the efficiency for plants has been very low (7-10%) because the temperature of the heated liquid has been very low (57°C – 195 °F).

80.2. Purpose

80.2.1. Generate renewable electricity, cool ocean surface temperatures in particular, in the vicinity of coral reefs and in areas contributing to damaging weather and reducing favorable ocean currents, providing sea water air conditioning (cooling) (SWAC), distilled water and large sea ponds to shelter and grow sea life and sea vegetation primarily using OTEC.

80.3. Objectives

80.3.1. Targets:

80.3.1.1. Target 7.1.1 As rapidly as possible, help provide reliable, clean renewable energy using OTEC, warm surface temperatures and the earth’s internal heat.

80.3.1.2. Target 14.3 Minimize and address all the impacts of ocean acidification and warming, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels.

80.3.1.3 Target Increase temperature of water extracted for the world’s heat sources to at least 575° F.

80.4. Actions

80.4.1. Working with the scientific community and ocean experts, begin immediately to:

80.4.1.1. Redistribute cold ocean water and icebergs to areas where cooling is needed

80.4.1.2. To remove CO2 and increase ocean alkalinization, disperse calcium hydroxide and other chemicals from ships and into rivers flowing into the ocean (see Alkalinization Scenarios in the Mediterranean Sea for Efficient Removal of Atmospheric CO2 and the Mitigation of Ocean Acidification)

80.4.1.3 Increase temperature of water extracted from the world’s heat sources to at least 575° F to generate electricity.

80.4.2. Design and build large ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) plants using the designs and lessons learned from the Makai Engineering working plant in in Kallua-Kona, Hawaii which is providing electricity to homes 24/7. These plants generate electricity from turbines utilizing the heat from warm surface water or the earth’s internal heat and cold water from deep in the ocean for the turbine condensers and plants. appropriate items from paragraph 80.4.4 below. These plants will primarily generate massive amounts of renewable electricity.

80.4.3 The cold water from deep in the ocean can also be used for:

80.4.2.1. Cool ocean surface temperatures in particular, in the vicinity of coral reefs and in areas contributing to damaging weather and reducing favorable ocean currents.

80.4.2.2 Seawater air conditioning systems (SWAC) for cooling where needed

80.4.2.3. Distilling plants to provide freshwater.

80.4.2.4 Large sea ponds with regulated temperatures and levels of nutrients to shelter and grow sea life and sea vegetation in particular kelp and sea grass,

80.4.2.5. Liquid natural gas (LNG) liquefaction

80.4.4 The hot water/steam from the earth’s internal heat can also be used to provide:

80.4.4.1 Warming in homes, factories, apartment buildings, hospitals, etc.,

80.4.4.2 Cooking in restaurants

80.4.4.3 Hot water for laundries, factories, homes, schools, public buildings/facilities, etc. all over the world

80.4.4. Utilize the following to help build the plants described above described above. This will save $billions, if not, $trillions.

80.4.4.1. Decommissioned nuclear aircraft carriers

80.4.4.2. Propulsion systems and ship service turbine generators from decommissioned nuclear submarines and steam driven tankers and surface ships.

80.4.4.3. Air conditioning systems from decommissioned submarines and ships

80.5. Background

80.5.1. OTEC is a rapidly growing new technology. There are several projects worldwide and there is an Ocean Thermal Energy Association (OTEA).

80.5.2. The most advanced project is the Makai Engineering working plant in in Kallua-Kona, Hawaii which is providing electricity to homes 24/7. Makai Engineering has significant experience working on OTEC, heat exchangers, deep water pipelines, down-the-slope polyethylene intake pipelines and suspended pipelines.

80.5.3. The below was taken from the Makai Engineering website which also has pictorial descriptions of how OTEC works and about their working plant.

80.5.3.1. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that can produce electricity by using the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface waters. OTEC plants pump large quantities of deep cold seawater and surface seawater to run a power cycle and produce electricity. OTEC is firm power (24/7), a clean energy source, environmentally sustainable and capable of providing massive levels of energy.

80.5.3.2. Recently, higher electricity costs, increased concerns for global warming, and a political commitment to energy security have made initial OTEC commercialization economically attractive in tropical island communities where a high percentage of electricity production is oil based. Even within the US, this island market is very large; globally it is many times larger.

80.5.4 World heat sources, also called geothermal power described in Wikipedia has been in use for years, but the efficiency for plants has been very low (7-10%) because the temperature of the heated liquid has been very low (57°C – 195 °F).